Common European Army Essay Example for Free

Basic European Army Essay The UK and France have been happy to follow the USA’s case of military power and indicated support for the possibility of an EU armed force. Different countries have obviously dismissed this methodology based on conservative contentions and on the grounds that they are hesitant to focus on the significant level of military spending this would infer. While the EU likes to consider itself to be the representative of the world and display its accomplishments with the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), it despite everything contemplates the chance of a widely appealing methodology of militarization and securitization. There is no need as respects the formation of European Union Army since part states as of now coordinate adequately with one another. Making an EU armed force would end up being superfluous on the grounds that most European states are now individuals from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. For a very long while NATO has been protecting the military interests of Europe. It is difficult to see an issue that NATO can't comprehend, which the European Defense Force could. NATO exists to manage circumstances of such size that the countries of Western Europe are probably going to embrace a typical guard strategy. Conversely, the EDF is focused at littler geopolitical episodes which would some way or another be ‘beneath’ the notification of NATO. Lamentably littler episodes by their tendency don't effectsly affect all EU part countries, and are thusly far-fetched to produce an agreement of strategy among EU countries. The EU has as much force as it has, whether or not they have a solitary military or every country collaborates as needs be with its own powers. A solitary military may give the presence of more force, however nothing increasingly except if extraordinary arrangement changes obliged its creation. It very well may be closed, hence, that there is no earnest need for making a typical European armed force as of now and for the present NATO is adequate for the EU protection strategy. Making a typical European Army would not be as per the EU strategy and would subvert the sway of part states. Regardless of whether we expect that the huge expenses of a standing military power can be borne by the EU and ts individuals, the key obstructions to setting up a standing safeguard power are frequently political. Making an European Defense Force again would require to settle on a few inquiries, in particular the order structure, regardless of whether the job should be simply protective or incorporate peacekeeping, the decision of gear and provider, making a typical resistance strategy, and picking a language of correspondence. These inquiries include political contemplations or financial personal stakes, which are all prone to bring about progressing fighting that will yield an incapable EDF. The Treaty of Lisbon anticipates that Member States can make accessible regular citizen and military assets to the Union for the usage of its Common Security and Defense activities. Be that as it may, any Member State has the privilege to restrict such activities and all commitments to them will be consistently on a deliberate premise. There is practically zero will among EU governments to build protection spending to the kind of levels required to make an EU based safeguard and security sound. To be sure, just the Dutch government has assigned a particular piece of their safeguard financial plan for the ESDP. A gathering of Member States who are willing and have the important ability will have the option to embrace demobilization activities, helpful and salvage errands, military guidance and harmony keeping undertakings. No Member State can be compelled to take an interest in such activities. Taking everything into account it is sensible to state that, in spite of the fact that the making of a typical European armed force may bring greater solidarity it will be an unreasonable demonstration, since the enthusiasm of part countries in the region of guard strategy are extremely unique. Along these lines, so as to safeguard power and budgetary soundness military abilities in the EU ought to stay in national hands.

Movie Summary Losing Isaiah Essay Example

Film Summary Losing Isaiah Paper The film Losing Isaiah is about a youthful mother named Khaila who is poor, uneducated, and a break fanatic. With no home or family support, she is separated from everyone else with her new newborn child. One night, frantic to get high, she leaves her youngster in a cardboard box in the city. Promptly the following morning, the child is found crying by the city worker similarly as his truck was going to pulverize the junk. The infant is promptly shipped to the emergency clinic and checked and it is resolved that the newborn child is dependent on cocaine. Inside days, a social specialist, Margaret Lewin, is allocated to the baby’s case and before long goes gaga for the infant, Isaiah.She carries him to live with her better half and their little girl. In the mean time, Khaila woke up toward the beginning of the day to acknowledge what she had done. She dashed back and quickly scanned through the garbage for her child and when she couldn’t discover him, she accepted he was removed of and likely dead. Khaila wailed and was suffering from extreme melancholy; she went out and got high until she was captured for shoplifting. Once captured, she was set into a recovery place that at last spared her life. The film hops three years to when Isaiah had authoritatively been received by the Lewin family. Right now, Khaila is figuring out how to peruse and is procuring a living by filling in as a parental figure. At some point while perusing a book with her case manager about a pregnant lady who lost her kid, she separates crying.She at long last offers with her case manager about the loss of her child. The case manager discovers that infant Isaiah is as yet alive and helps Khaila employ an attorney to recover her child. At the point when she goes to court, this case raises numerous issues like neediness, racial character, parental rights, youngster and family equity. At long last, the birth mother wins the case and Isaiah is come back to her. Be that as it may, Isaiah doesn't modify well, so Khaila concluded that Isaiah is more joyful living with his received guardians for the present. We will compose a custom paper test on Movie Summary Losing Isaiah explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Movie Summary Losing Isaiah explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Movie Summary Losing Isaiah explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer 1.Rational Theory †(Septem

Treating Panic Disorder With Art Therapy

Treating Panic Disorder With Art Therapy Panic Disorder Treatment Print Treating Anxiety With Art Therapy Non-traditional treatment options may help manage anxiety symptoms By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 01, 2014 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 18, 2020 Guido Mieth/Taxi/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent and frequently unexpected panic attacks. These attacks are marked by a mix of physical and cognitive symptoms, such as sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, and fearful thoughts. Fearful perceptions about panic attacks can become so severe that you may develop  avoidance behaviors. These avoidance behaviors develop into a separate and commonly co-occurring condition known as agoraphobia, which causes you to stay away from environments or situations that may trigger a panic attack. Panic disorder is a treatable condition and there are several different  treatment options.  When considering therapy, most people envision traditional “talk therapy” or psychotherapy  in which the qualified professional and client meet to discuss symptoms and develop goals. However, artistic endeavors also offer a form of therapeutic healing. How Art Therapy Can Help You Relieve Stress What Is Art Therapy? Art therapy involves the use of art to promote health and wellness. The creative process is based on the belief that self-expression can help you resolve inner conflicts and problems, develop interpersonal skills, manage behavior, lessen stress, and increase your self-awareness.   The use of art therapy for mental health purposes originated during the 1950s when it was found that art-making could assist in healing and coping with symptoms. During the art therapy process, a trained specialist guides the client’s experience through the use of counseling techniques and different types of artistic expressions. Common art mediums used within the art therapy process include painting, drawing, sculpture, collage, and photography. Art therapy does not require that a person has artistic experience or talent; even if you cant draw at all, it can still be beneficial to you. Art therapy can be used in conjunction with traditional individual therapy, group therapy, marriage and family therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy  techniques. How Can Art Therapy Help With Panic and Anxiety? Art therapy provides a way to gain insight and understanding through self-expression. The fears and other emotions that often accompany panic disorder can be hard to express through words alone, so the creative process of art therapy can help you tap into and express deep feelings.   Getting Started in Art Therapy Engaging in creative endeavors on your own may be a great way to combat stress and practice self-care. But to get started in art therapy, you will need a qualified art therapist to help you in the healing process. Qualified art therapists are usually available in a variety of settings, including community agencies, private practices, hospitals, and clinics. When you seek an art therapist, verify that he or she has additional experience working with people with panic disorder. Your current doctor or therapist may be able to refer you to a licensed art therapist. You can also check out the Art Therapy Credentials Board online directory where you can find a listing of available art therapists in your area. Art therapy can be a useful supplement to your therapy but should not be viewed as the sole path to recovery. Work with your therapist and healthcare providers to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for your panic disorder. The Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Art Therapy

Evolution vs. Creationism Essay - 917 Words

Evolution vs. Creationism The Evolution vs. Creationism controversy goes all the way back to the Publishing of Origin of Species in 1859 by Darwin laying the foundation for the evolution of life to be understood. Scientists are continuously finding more evidence to support Darwin’s conclusion; that organisms descended from a common ancestor modified by the mechanism of natural selection resulting in the evolution of species adapting to their environment. The following are the main geological topics concerning creationism: radiometric dating, transitional forms and the Cambrian explosion. Creationism is nothing more than a child’s fairytale that lacks any scientific proof. The aspect of radiometric dating is controversial to most†¦show more content†¦Plus or minus a couple million years has a negligible effect on the results attempting to be obtained. Radiometric dating consistently prove from analysis of bolide fragments that the earth is about 4.6 billion years old and once again disproving the Bible’s 6,000 years. The problem for creationism is that they can’t prove there ‘fairytale’ correct because it’s based on little fact, so they attempt to make the other valid ideas sound ridiculous. Therefore, creationism attempts to prove radiometric dating incorrect and is nothing more than a feeble attempt to bring credibility to there own ideas and beliefs. Secondly, a once thought problem with evolution was the lack of transitional phases in the fossil record. For example it was once thought there were no transitional phases between birds and reptiles; this has now been proven false by paleontologists. Archaeopteryx has distinctive avian characteristics including a wishbone, a bony sternum and feathers (Geology). Several of its reptilian characteristics include unfused metacarpal bones, a long bony tail and three well developed fingers. What is also interesting is that archaeopteryx lived at the same time as the dinosaurs. Again, it seems as if creationists randomly start making assumptions in an attempt to slander other valid theories rather than proving there’s correct (even thought that’s impossible). â€Å"If evolution were true, there would be more transitionalShow MoreRelatedEvolution Creationism Vs. Creationism924 Words   |  4 PagesAny point of contact with the scientific world in the 21st century will eventua lly lead one to the one of the most hotly contested topic in American education, that of evolution versus creationism. While the creationist point of view, as well as the evolutionary perspective, hosts a great variation of opinion amongst its supporters, Christianity is brought to the center stage time after time (Vuletic, 1994). Literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis’ account of creation falls contrary to theRead More Evolution Vs. Creationism Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution vs. Creationism Abstract In the history of science vs. religion there have been no issues more intensely debated than evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of religious belief. Human creation breaks down into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all threeRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Where we come from is a question as old as mankind itself. There are countless numbers of religions, each with their own twist on the origins of earth and mankind, but one of the most highly visible debates would be creationism vs. evolution. Depending on where your beliefs lie, the Earth has been around somewhere in the neighborhood of 6,000 years to 4.5 billion years. One would tend to believe that this vast difference in time would make it impossible to have 2 â€Å"theories† thatRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 Pages Where do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is correct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreEvolution Vs. Creationism Debate1265 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I will be explaining two sides of the evolution vs. creationism debate. The topics I am going to write about are fossil evidence, the origin of life, and Darwin’s â€Å"theory† of natural selection. I will be presenting a view of both sides of the argument they will be on the creation side and evolution standpoint. I would suggest that you, the reader, would have a previous knowledge of all the topics so that you may get a full understanding of both sides. If there is no prior knowledgeRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagespublished his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which proposed the theory of evolution. This book, along with others that followed, began the long dispute between evolutionist and creationist. Were we created by a supernatural Supreme Being, or did our creation occur purely by chance? First, lets look at the two conflicting theories. Common usage of the term â€Å"evolution† is that living things in our world have come into existence through unguided naturalistic processesRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesassumptions with empirically deduced scientific theories. The Catholic Church had a nasty habit of persecuting such ideological dissent toward creationism, calling it heresy and thereby somewhat suppressing a complete upheaval of the Scriptures. For many centuries to come, the scientific research grew and developed into theories like the Big Bang and evolution, though primarily in places where such progress was tolerated. The state of Tennessee in 1925 was not such a place. In the town of DaytonRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolution Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages Creationism is the theory that man, the earth, and the rest of the universe was originally created rather than randomly exploding from nothingness into chance existence. We reside on the surface of a small superbly crafted, autonomous self regulating space vehicle. Together with survival, conquest and death w e bear witness to beauty, fragrances, love and music. Think about this. Mathematics, philosophy, springtime, depravity, farming, courtship, quasars, and iphones; all came from nothingness?,Read MoreEssay on Evolution VS. Creationism1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof man and how all living things acquired their characteristics. The two main theories that arose over time were Creationism and Evolution, both of which provided very distinct answers to this question. Creationism based its answer on the idea of a supernatural power or being that created the entire universe, man and the numerous other organisms that live within it. While, Evolution theorizes that all living things have the potential to change and grow over time into something new and different

My Experience With My Life - 1356 Words

I have heard people discuss the many passions in their lives. Listening to them, I have been puzzled. I simply do not have an abundant number of passions myself. In fact, as I think about it there are really only two subjects of interest that I feel rise to the level of passion for me; my God and sports. These two areas have been integral parts of my life for as long as I can remember. I grew up in the church and much of my young life was spent either there or on a sports field of some sort. These two institutions, I feel have shaped me into the adult that I have become and the career I feel myself called to enter. I graduated from Huntington University in May of 2013 with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management and a minor in Marketing. I had always felt that a degree in a sports related field was what I was supposed to do. Although I felt God calling me to attend Huntington, a sports management degree was not available at the time. I have also been interested in business, so I chose that major. I had also convinced myself that a career in athletics wasn’t a realistic pursuit. After graduation, I began searching for jobs in the field of business. Yet, I couldn’t shake the feeling that athletics was still what I was truly passionate about and needed to pursue. In August of 2015, I was in the middle of an intensive interview process for a position that was keenly matched to both my talents and prior job experience. The company was a highly respected, non-profit consultingShow MoreRelatedMy Experience In My Life742 Words   |  3 Pagesone has a perfect life or even a per fect family. At times I have experienced what losing someone or something that meant so much to me. I always wondered to myself about why these situations happen to me, which also led me to put myself in a depression stage. My father was diagnosed with liver cancer and infection in his stomach area in March 2015. As he was in and out of the hospital. First, Growing up I never had a good life but I was lucky to have both of my parents in my life. It was a bond withRead MoreMy Experience In My Life1013 Words   |  5 Pages At this point in my life , if i review my previous experiences i would say that i am fairly pleased. Ive been able to gain numerous life and academic skills through hard work and determination. Though many of my experiences havent been pleasant ,in a way it has helped me grow and build my character as a person. As individuals we all go through many harsh obstacles , obstacles we sometimes think we will never overcome . but eventually we do . right ? think about it evenRead MoreMy Experience On My Life1202 Words   |  5 PagesAll I could think of sitting at my desk at work was about the conversation me and my husband had the night before. I sat there staring at my computer screen wondering if it was the right thing to do, or was I just wasting my time on a hope long forgotten. The hours slowly ticked by, and everything I was working on with my customers and their loans were a blur. I couldn’t get that thought out of my head. It was eating away at me. This is something that I have wanted for a long time. I put it on holdRead MoreMy Experience In My Life942 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout a person’s life, there can be many things, such as friends and family, education, or sports, that help them develop skills to turn them into the person they are today. With out these different skills, it can possibly lead to a lower standard of living, which is not what we strive for. The thing that helped me develop my unique skill set that I can use through the rest of my life, which is also my cultural artifact, is a football. Football has taught many different things that I am ableRead MoreMy Experience Of My Life703 Words   |  3 PagesFor the majority of my life, I had been shy, even though it didn’t seem like it most of the time, I was scared to death when I met new people. I know that it sounds extremely trivial, but I feel that when you first meet someone, you’re ultimately giving them their first impression of yourself and that is a lot of pressure. It seemed almost certain that I would lead a life of being a social wallflower until March 2017, more specifically, March 28th, 2017. This day was and still is important to meRead MoreMy Experience In My Life905 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority of my life I have belonged in the littl e world, stretching from Chicago to Cleveland and South Bend to Nashville. The boundaries of my known world have always felt like a limiting factor in my life. While my friends ventured to far away lands every year, I would spend the night at my grandparents house or we would make a day-trip to a city. With spring break approaching my family and I were going to change that, we were going to South Carolina. One dreary cold Indiana morning my family andRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to write about my life—not because I do not know what to say, but because I am often fearful of sharing my experiences and having them impact how people view me. My identity and upbringing are not necessarily unique, but I have been in situations that society tends to be uncomfortable with. Repeated sexual assaults, psychological abuse, neglect, and financial hardships are factors in my life that I tried to forget when I started college. Now that I am at the end of my undergraduate educationRead MoreMy Writing Experience : My Experience In My Life921 Words   |  4 PagesAs a Human, throughout life there are many skills that are critical to acquire, during childhood and as you become older. One of the most important and useful skill you will need is writing. From first, learning to write words and sentences, to more advanced writing like essays. Everyone learns to write a little differently, some ways are learning from your parents or learning words and letters in kindergarten. As you get further down the path of life you develop higher skills of writing. As peopleRead MoreMy Experience On My Life953 Words   |  4 PagesThe wind was slicing through my hair as my sweat was dripping off my metallic purple frames. I placed each foot on each of the pedals and took off. My whole world was filled with the rattling sounds coming from the dreaded training wheels. Everything would always come to a stop whenever I would hit each bump. â€Å"I need to get these thing off!† I thought constantly. The training wheels were such a nuisance because they gave me a wobble that kept me off balance, and they provided no extra speed. ThereRead MoreMy Experience In My Life718 Words   |  3 PagesS most of my life. When I came to the United States I was two years old. I have gone back to Pakistan only a few times, but my most r ecent visit was in 2012 when I had just finished 8th grade. One of the fun parts was traveling, because it is always fun to go to different airports and cities, but once you were inside of the plane there wasn’t much to do on the long flights. The flight was 12 hours long so I ended up sleeping a lot to make time go by. It was also pretty hard leaving my parents because

Fighting for Our Rights Free Essays

I have been witness to many movements and many campaigns that involve rights of those concerned. Human rights, animal rights, women’s rights, child rights, minority rights, prisoner’s rights, right to freedom, right to education, right to potable water, right to fight, right to eat, right to sleep, rights of the aged, rights of the marginalised, rights of refugees and war victims, rights of these and rights of those, rights of the left and rights of the right, etc,etc. The list is endless. We will write a custom essay sample on Fighting for Our Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is not my intention to mock those who are suffering and those whose rights have beendeprived but I at times wonderwhy the activists and concerned souls who are serving the deprived don’t want to delve into their own duties and the duties responsibilities of those whoserights they seem to support, uphold and protect. For after all, rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin, just as remembering and forgetting are The problem has assumed such epic proportions in the West that parents are even scared to punish their own children for fear of invoking the wrath of the child rights activists who seem to forget that in the long run a certain amount of discipline is good forthe children whose rights they appear to support and vouch for. I therefore presume they have never heard of the saying â€Å"spare the rod and spoil the child†. The lack of discipline, respect and values may all be attributed to this forgetfulness of duties. I am completely in favour of animal rights and protecting the natural environment of animals but let me tell you about a champion of the environment and animal rights whom I had the misfortune of meeting during my sojourn in Chennai. The person in question is an illustrious personality with undisputable credentials but if you were ever to walk into the office of the aforementioned you will find that the way the staff there are treated is worse than the way animal haters would treat an animal. This person has completely forgotten that it is not only ourduty to protect animals but it isalso our duty not to treat humans like animals. Not only do we have to take care of theenvironment at large but we should also realize that we should provide an ideal environment for our subordinates to work, grow and flourish. I’m not talking merely of the physical environment but also of the environment wherein the individual employee is treated humanely so that he or she realizes that it is their duty to work harder and serve better. I am also a firm believer in the right of children to good and quality education but I do believe that it is also the duty of these children who are provided this quality educationto treat their teachers, parents and the general publicwith respect and love. I believe in the rights of the aged but I cannot simply acceptor forgive those aged who during their better and younger days failed to fulfill their duties as a parent and therefore do not obtain the love or respect of their children who then disown them and abandon them to their ownends. I believe in the rights of war victims and refugees but I alsobelieve that it is the duty of such victims and refugees to ensure that they respect their aggressors and also respect the laws of the host country that provided refuge rather than turning into a fifth column within the host country. I believe in the right of all to uninterrupted supply of potable water but I also believe that it is the duty of allto ensure that they do not pollute the water source and damage the water table. I believe in the rights of minorities but I also believe that it is the duty of the said minorities to treat their majority brethren with love and respect. I believe in my right to believe in a lot of things but also believe that it is my duty to fulfill a lot of responsibilities. Therefore my dear friends may I beseech each and everyone of you who may chance upon this post to obtain and enjoy your rights with a senseof duty and responsibility for as I mentioned earlier rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. If only each one of us were to enjoy our rights with a sense of responsibility and duty, the world would certainly be a better place to live in. How to cite Fighting for Our Rights, Papers

Essay on Psychology The Mozart Effect Example For Students

Essay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect Psychology is a formative science that has led to revolutionary discoveries as to how the human brain functions, develops and in some instances, can be enhanced. Although these fundamental objectives are a valuable resource within our community, it is vital that they are of verity and can be replicated; if not they are redundant to the field. Unfortunately, due to its youth, psychological science does not have a strict system of checks and balances to ensure that remittance procedures can consistently be undertaken for false claims. To this end, this essay will evaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication s tudies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: the prominent lack of longevity and replication of successful results; the evaluation of arousal levels on spatial and cognitive enhancement; and, finally, the investigation of procedural flaws in key studies. While playing Mozart can marginally increase spatial performance, the longevity of the increase is doubtful. Improved performance lasts on average only 10 to 15 minutes rather than overall improved cognitive ability for a long term duration, leading to doubts as to the longevity of the speculated Mozart effect (Chabris, C. 1999; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Bangerter, A., Heath, C. 2004). In addition, these marginal improvements vary in spatial improvement with the original study reporting an average increase of eight to nine IQ points (Rauscher, F. Shaw, G., Ky, K. 1993) but with later studies widely discrediting these results. (Chabris, C. 1999; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Bangerter, A., Heath, C. 2004). A collaboration of sixteen studies has shown that the Mozart effect does not have an overall improvement on cognitive ability, but rather a marginal enhancement of spatial reasoning due to the music induced stimulation of the right cerebral hemisphere. This an area of the brai n, associated with cognitive arousal and complex visual transformation processes involved with mental rotation of three-dimensional shapes and similar difficult spatial tasks (Chabris, C. 1999). Thus extrapolating that the Mozart effect does not ‘make babies smarter’, it only marginally improves a participant’s spatial intellect immediately after music stimuli. This collaboration of studies provides a broad scope of multiple findings which can account for any anomalies or outliers within individual study findings, however it also inhibits specificity of the results as there is no control of experimental procedures. Further limitations are the varying ages of participants and measurement of results. Ultimately, however, this meta-analysis significantly indicates that even if listening to Mozart was an effective cognitive enhancement, the benefits would only have a moderate effect of a short duration. A more detailed study supported this meta-analysis via its focus on child development and the lack of validity and longevity with the Mozart effect. Dubbing the Mozart effect â€Å"another quick fix† it concluded that Mozart, whether played to or taught to children does not exhibit any long term benefits for cognition (Jones, S. 2002). Although the original study (Rauscher, F., Shaw, G., Ky, K. 1993) instigated the claim that â€Å"Mozart makes babies smarter† further studies have refuted this claim by taking a different approach. These further studies state that it is not just the act of listening to Mozart but rather the response in attitude and arousal from listening to a lively musical piece that increases spatial reasoning. This infers that it is inconsequential which piece is played, as long as it enhances arousal and positive mood. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001; McKelvie, P., Low, J. 2002; Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999) .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .postImageUrl , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:visited , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:active { border:0!important; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:active , .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua7259d944b3ab9ae07a9c6efca98118e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Moby Dick EssayA study conducted in 1999 supported this arousal hypothesis. Twenty eight undergraduate students were first presented with a narrated story by Stephen King and in following weeks listened to a Mozart sonata. Immediately after each exposure to stimuli, they undertook spatial testing. Following the second test, the participants were asked which stimulus they preferred. Analysis of these results reflected that higher scores achieved on spatial tests strongly correlated with exposure to preferred stimuli (Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999). This study relied on a subject’s own reflection and allowed a time lapse of two weeks between control and variable, leaving many outside factors to affect the participants’ results. Ultimately, however, it indicates that it may not be the act of playing Mozart that achieves a marginal increase in spatial performance, but rather the enhancement of the participant’s arousal levels and mood. This is supported in another study 2001 (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001) where 24 participants were sorted into two groups (consisting of undergraduates and graduates aged 24-60), one listening to Mozart sonata – a seemingly upbeat and energetic piece and the other listening to an Albinoni adagio – a sadder and slower piece. The participants were tested with a modiï ¬ ed version of the Standord-Binet intelligence test, focused on Paper Folding and Cutting. They also rated their arousal and mood levels on a Profile of Mood States (POMS). Ratings indicated that those who listened to Mozart reported higher levels of positive mood and arousal and lower levels of neg ativity and complacency whilst those that listened to Albinoni reported low levels of positive mood and arousal and higher levels of negativity and complacency. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001). These results evidence that it may not be the Mozart sonata but the mood that enhances spatial intelligence. This is reflected as moderate levels of arousal enhancing cognitive performance as seen in higher results for participants listening to Mozart whilst very low levels as seen in participants listening to Albinoni inhibiting such performances. (Thompson, W., Schellenberg, E., Husain, G. 2001). Furthermore, positive moods can lead to improved performance on various cognitive and problem solving tasks as positive emotions increase the tendency to combine information and material in new ways and to find correlations between differing stimuli (Isen, A., Daubman, K., Nowicki, G. 1987). In contrast, negative moods and boredom can produce deficits in performance, response to stimuli and learning. (Smallwood, J., Fitzgerald, A., Miles, L., Phillips, L. 2009; Nantais, K., Schellenber, E. 1999) While self-reporting by participants leads to discrepancies in accuracy, overall the study provides a clear indication that arousal and mood are prominent factors in the heightening of one’s spatial and cognitive intelligence, regardless of what amplifies their mood – Mozart’s sonata or otherwise. Although many studies have sought to test this theorem it is nearly impossible to do so in a perfectly controlled environment. To facilitate the most accurate and concise results, it is recommended that researchers re-evaluate test groups, environment and testing resources. To analyse the claim that Mozart makes babies smarter, potential future studies may include assessing child development with and without the playing of Mozart e.g. the speed of language acquisition between two control groups (Jones, S. 2002). This will potentially validate the claim further as it tests subjects in the formative stage – the stage that the claim argues will benefit cognition the most. Additionally, the testing environment must be further controlled. This includes: limited time lapse between experiment and cognitive testing; no outside stimuli or factors e.g. surrounding noises and individual testing. Finally another issue to address is the testing factor where many studies have utilised parti cipant reflection in regards to mood, emotion etc. Although a good indicator, this form of self-evaluative testing is open to discrepancy. Therefore, to mitigate these potential discrepancies, a corroboration of participants’ individual reflection and an observationalist reflection on mood of participants should be used. Although the Mozart effect has shown a varied enhancement of participants’ spatial cognition the claim that ‘Mozart makes babies smarter’ is completely discredited. Through the aforementioned analysis of arousal and mood factors it is clear that cognitive enhancement relies strongly on the participants’ reaction to any stimuli, rather than specifically Mozart. Additionally, the lack of dependency on just one form of stimuli to achieve result indicates that the phenomenon is not specific to Mozart’s sonata. Finally, the limited longevity discredits the importance of the speculated phenomenon as it does not have any long term benefits to the user. Overall, this claim, despite having partial merit is fundamentally incorrect, despite its wide-spread popularist acceptance.

Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers

Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers The fact that leadership is an inherent component of better control and regulation of law and order in the public sector is undeniable. Public officers, therefore, should follow all the established norms and take corresponding responsibility for safety of citizens.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, law enforcement offers should acquire leadership skills to cope with community-based problems in the 21st century. While considering leadership and behavioral patterns established by law enforcement establishment, ethics and moral values are among the most frequently emerged concerns. On the one hand, law enforcement officers relying on morale and ethic fail to obey the main principles of law and order. On the other hand, unethical behavior may generate negative consequences, including racial discrim ination, bribery, unequal enforcement, and corruption. With regard to the above-presented considerations, that ethical behavior and leader constitutes a serious challenge to law enforcement officers unless specific ethical standards of conduct, ethical principles, and correlation between law and morale limits are imposed on them. Ethical concerns emerged in the sphere of public managers are explained by a failure to establish new unconventional approaches to leadership training. In this respect, Burrell (2007) re-conceptualizes the definition of ethical leadership and argues that it should be primarily based on effective decision-making and problem-solution. Specifically, integration of a set of ethical concerns related to legal practices (race equality and gender concerns) is indispensible to create a consistent framework for legal enforcement. Reluctance of law enforcement officer to follow the main principles of ethics and moral can bring in corruption to justice. Specifically, e thical perspectives of law enforcement are largely connected with the crisis of identity (Brown, 2011). Public officers are often challenged by their obligation to protect the community and serve the community in accordance with the provisions of the U.S. Constitution. These challenges have been significantly intensified by the terrorist attacks happened in September 9, 2001. As a result, many policy officers face a conflicting situation while deciding what interests meet their loyalty. What is most threatening is police organizational culture often â€Å"†¦often sabotages its officers and presents the most significant obstacle to change† (Brown, 2011, p. 675). Though militaristic principles contribute to safety and welfare among the community, it hardly meets the generally accepted standards of ethical leadership and behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While hig hlighting the major frictions between ethical leadership and legal enforcement, specific emphasis should be placed on the analysis of illegal behavior, which is often congruent with unethical issues. In this respect, ignorance of ethical and moral principles will not contribute to adequate regulation within the content of legal system (Seaton, 2010). What is more important is that most illegal and unethical practices come from the higher levels of police hierarchy generating more ethical misconceptions and illegal conduct at the lower levels. In this respect, ethical behavior must be taken in account while considering leadership training programs for law enforcement officers. In conclusion, it should be stated that ethical leadership and behavior can create a number of problems and conflicting situations for law enforcement officers if no transparent and clear ethical codes of conduct are introduced. Crisis of identity and corruption of organizational structure are among the most se rious consequences of this problem. In this respect, there should be strict norms and standards that would not allow legal authorities surpass the boundaries of morale and ethics. At the same time, it is a necessary to strike the balance between ethical principles and laws. References Burrell, D. N. (2007). Nontraditional leadership training for public managers. Public Manager, 36(3), 62-66. Web. Brown, C. A.J.D., (2011). Divided loyalties: Ethical challenges for americas law enforcement in post 9/11 america. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 43(3), 651-675. Web. Seaton, L. J. (2010). The effect of law enforcements socialization process on the whistle-blowing behavior of police officers. Allied Academies International Conference.Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict.Proceedings, 15(2), 33-33. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Ethical Behavior and Leadership a Challenge to Law Enforcement Officers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Animal Euthanasia in Zoos

Animal Euthanasia in Zoos While zoos in the United States favor contraception as a means of keeping their resident populations under control, other zoos around the world take a different approach: euthanasia. Dave Morgan, chairman of the Population Management Committee at the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums explained to the New York Times that international guidelines on the ethics of breeding zoo animals are sketchy. Apparently, since ethics and philosophies are so diverse among countries of the world, its tough to make blanket regulations. For instance, both the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and the African Association of Zoos and Aquaria generally consider routine euthanasia a viable management and breeding strategy, while the Central Zoo Authority of India has recommended that euthanasia of zoo animals may be carried out only in the specific circumstances when any animal is in such an agony or pain that it is cruel to keep him alive. How Euthanasia Is Used for Population Control Zoos that favor euthanasia over contraception generally allow animals to mate naturally and permit mothers to raise their young until an age at which the family groups would instinctively separate in the wild. At that point, zoo officials employ lethal injection to kill young animals that exceed the zoos carrying capacity, dont fit into breeding plans, and are unwanted by other zoos. In the spring of 2012, the Copenhagen Zoo euthanized a pair of leopard cubs who were approaching two years of age as part of their breeding management plan. Each year, the zoo puts approximately 25 healthy animals to death, including chimpanzees, whose similarities to humans make opponents of euthanasia particularly squeamish. Arguments in Favor of Euthanasia Contraception (pills, implants, injections) can pose health risks to animals.Euthanasia allows animals the natural experience of bearing young and parenting.Terry Maple, the former director of Zoo Atlanta and co-editor of Ethics on the Ark, knows of no definitive research that assesses the importance of raising young to animals health, but he has said that observation indicates that most zoo animals are motivated and protective parents that play frequently with offspring.Euthanasia imitates animals survival in the wild, where high percentages of young die early in life as a result of predation, starvation or injury.According to longtime zookeeper and curator Peter Dickinson, There is nothing wrong in killing an animal if it is done quickly and with forethought and kindness. When animals are euthanized for the correct reasons, then it is morally right and justified. The uninformed will often level accusations of being heartless and not caring when precisely the opposite is true. Good zoos with managed populations can see the bigger picture †¦ it is the species which is being managed and not individuals. Arguments Against Euthanasia Opponents of euthanasia suspect that the killing of adolescent animals is a convenient way for zoos to maintain a continual supply of their cutest inhabitants (babies), which draw crowds and generate more money.Contraception is a more humane way to limit populations while allowing animal family groups to coexist naturally.Cheryl Asa, director of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Wildlife Contraception Center at the St. Louis Zoo, does not believe that euthanasia is a feasible option for zoos in the United States. On an emotional level, I cant imagine doing it, and I cant imagine our culture accepting it, she said.Worldwide breeding networks and genetic planning can be used to avoid a surplus of offspring while still ensuring that many animals breed and raise offspring, claims Terry Maple, former director of Zoo Atlanta and co-editor of Ethics on the Ark. I am not saying management euthanasia is wrong. It is just not the best solution.Killing animals in zoos because they dont figu re into breeding plans is not euthanasia, its zoothanasia, and is a most disturbing and inhumane practice. Using the word euthanasia seems to sanitize the killing at least for some people and makes it more acceptable. While one might argue that many, if not all, animals in zoos suffer, killing animals who arent needed isnt mercy killing; its really a form of premeditated killing, argues Marc Bekoff, Professor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Theory and Development-M1A3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory and Development-M1A3 - Essay Example The mission statement of the company is â€Å"world class provider of diverse and friendly tourist services in the most affordable ways†. The company has a vision which specifies the ways in which it can function opportunistically and incrementally; â€Å"to be the leading service provider in the tourism industry by encouraging diversity and equality of all.† The values of the company are listed below. The reasons for choosing this company and precisely the HR department is because it will provide us with the insights needed in the comprehension of motivational strategies in a multi-cultural environment, explore the motivational strategies needed in the tourism sector and how personal motivation influences the overall performance of the company. I believe that the human resource department in a tourism company will provide the best link between motivational theory and practice in a diverse setting as opposed to two my colleagues who had chosen to review a finance firm where people do not interact and diversity is not very sound as to attract attention in motivation theories. Integration of motivation with Multivendor Inc.’s values, mission, vision, and operational strategies can be analyzed by focusing on the employees. The company’s values, mission, vision, and operational strategies serve several aspects to ensure motivation. First, they communicate to their stakeholders the purpose and the mandate of the company. They are the tolls and the vehicles through which the company communicate their objectives especially to the employees who work hard alongside the values, vision, missions and strategies of the company to achieve the objectives. Communication of values, mission, vision, and operational strategies is also important for communication of objectives to other stakeholders like the customers, suppliers and competitors who influence the performance of the company. Secondly, Motivation is achieved through

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) Essay

Music and Movement (one full page reflection) - Essay Example The transition from static to dynamic balance should be gradual. Likewise, the transition from independent balancing to balancing with objects should be staged. Once a child has gained perfection in stationary balance, only then he/she should be made to practice balancing with rubber rings. Finally, practices with unstable equipments should commence. To make the session all the more interesting for the children, songs with good beat must be played. Songs that qualify include but are not limited to Everybody Dance, I’m a Little Tea Pot and Incy Wincy Spider. The child’s skill should be judged by testing his/her balancing on different levels, places and positions. Music and movement is a wonderful session for the cognitive, social, emotional and physical development of children. This activity â€Å"incorporates many basic math skills, including matching and comparing; patterning and sequencing; and counting and addition. When you add moving to the beat, you involve both body and mind† (Church, 2001). Such exercise helps the brain grow. Movement and learning are processes together in the same part of the brain. It increases the flow of blood and oxygenates the brain. This, in turn, enlightens the mood and makes an individual agile and active and enhances his/her social, emotional, physical and cognitive

The Violence Against Women Criminology Essay

The Violence Against Women Criminology Essay Gillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith sought out to uncover if the media, with its strong presence in influencing ones perception on certain social concerns, enclose stories of femicide within the context of domestic violence because minimal research has been carried out to examine femicide within the framework of violence against women. These four theorize their research in a deductive fashion; they understood the way that the news media worked and that this same media can choose to structure domestic violence in a way that could provide evidence to show the important ramifications on manipulating societys perception on domestic violence, as well as, solutions and public responsibility. From 226 cases, they match up to 113 newspaper articles that defined murder as domestic violence contrasted with the other 113 cases that had no exposure defining the femicide as domestic violence through applied research. This study was intended to expand our awareness concerning the medias depiction of femicide and the medias strong grip on the conception of violence against women as a social dilemma. The level at which the researchers collected data was on the micro level. Women were the case in this research study; they were the victims of violence. Also the news reports on women as victims in domestic violence cases were measured. The population of interest was media frames from North Carolina spanning a six year period assessing 113 cases that classified the femicide as domestic violence to 113 cases that did not. This sampling is not seen to be representative of the population. The researchers only contrasted media frames in North Carolina, no other states. The rate or likelihood of domestic violence differs upon the region, victims age, income and if it is reported. Based on that this research study has only been conducted from inside the walls of North Carolina, it cannot be fully representative of the population and the other 49 states. The researchers used purposive sampling and simple random while conducting their study. The purposive sampling is the 113 cases that fit the specific criteria of those cases of femicide from North Carolina spanning a six-year period that contained at least one news article defining the femicide as domestic violence. The other 113 cases that were contrasted were selected at random. The sampling ensured diversity. The state was chose purposively and the cases were chosen randomly. The design of this experiment comes from secondary analysis, the concern was for the behavior arising among specific group of people, and this behavior is domestic violence against women. The participants stayed the same but the setting change. The study purposely examines the use of frames in media reporting of femicide stories. the media routinely utilize neighbors who may not know the victim and/or perpetrator particularly well, rather than close friends or family members, as sources in instances of domestic violence. The new research question by Gillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith was based on prior research of the representation of femicide in the news and its use of frames used in media coverage making the data quantitative. There are five media frames specifically associated with domestic violence, which include (1) focusing on the behavior of the victim, including blaming the victim or excusing the perpetrator; (2) normalizing the event as commonplace; (3) suggesting the incident was an isolated event; (4) indicating the victim and/or perpetrator are somehow different from the norm; and (5) asserting that domestic violence perpetrators are disordered and should be easily identifiable. The researchers examined the validity of these existing by examining the components of additional media frames-the sources used, language and word choice, and the context of the incident-in a sample of North Carolina newspaper stories. This research study used the time dimension of trend logical study for articles that present the femicide as domestic violence and those that do not. The researchers used reports, within a six year time span, from newspapers to carry out their study 2002-2007. The basic sign of this study meets the three criteria for establishing causality. The negative correlations of the study are four things; the more the media chooses to do these four things the more the issue will be swept under the rug. Most news sources underutilize those with an educated opinion and informed background in the problem of domestic violence, and then journalists habitually shun victim advocates and academics for trepidation of bias. Journalists word choice or speech also manipulates the framing of domestic violence; Word assortment in both the title/headline and all through an article can potentially sway the general publics understanding of an incident and the partakers involved. As is often the case with intimate violent behavior, the relationship amid victim and offender is highly multifaceted and turbulent. The number one issue connected with intimate partner homicide is previous accounts of domestic violence. Sorry to say, all too often information pertaining to a couples history is either gone astray or downgraded to the end of an article. For temporal order the change media has to structure domestic violence in a way that will provide evidence to show the important corollary of societys perception on domestic violence, and solutions to fix this problem also to note that this is not personal but the publics responsibility because in many cases the media fail to notice the occasion to use their power to portray femicide as an issue worthy of public outrage and intensified policy development. Gillespies, Richards, Givens and Smith eliminated other rival hypothesis the findings may be influenced by the social climate and level of activism in the state from which the data were derived. The North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCCADV) may create higher levels of awareness in North Carolina than domestic violence groups in other states by reaching out to local media outlets and law enforcement agencies. The interpretations presented here cannot be wholly free from potential researcher bias. However, to minimize that potential one specific threat to internal validity was selection bias because the study relied heavily on previous research to guide coding and ensuing interpretations of the results. The concepts in the study were femicide, frame analysis and mass media. The index used 7 composed frames were identified while only 4had been identified in previous research. : (1) A commonplace frame, (2) an isolated incident frame, (3) a frame that blames the criminal justice system, and (4) a victim blaming frame. (5) a frame blaming perpetrator loss of control or moral breakdown, and (6) a frame that minimized the femicide by focusing on a crisis in the lives of the victim/perpetrator(7) a domestic violence as a broader social problem frame. The results of the study are externally valid if there is more awarnees to domestic violence and it is brought to the light then e that research in this area will continue to encourage meaningful partnerships between researchers, advocates, and the media and that best case practices for reporting on violence against women will be developed and disseminated on a national level. A specific threat to external validity is sample selectivity. First, it is essential to think about that the findings may be subjective by the social climate and level of activism in the state from which the data were derived. The North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCCADV) may create higher levels of awareness in North Carolina than domestic violence groups in other states by reaching out to local media outlets and law enforcement agencies. It is reasonable to suggest that the prevalence of DV defined articles framing the femicide within the context of a broader social problem (about 25% within DV defined articles and about 12% of the overall sample) may be influenced by the partnership that has developed between the NCCADV, law enforcement, and the media. Therefore, the findings reported here may not be generalizable to other states.

Google vs Microsoft

In today’s society many people are using the internet more and more to shop online, handle business transactions and surf the web for what interests them. Microsoft and Google are known to many people as internet giants. The two companies compete for business in the internet world by offering similar online business services. Microsoft also offers an array of computer products to consumers and businesses such as Windows 7, Microsoft office and MSN. Google’s main focus of business is its search engine that many people use today to surf the internet. This paper will compare and contrast Microsoft’s and Google’s business model, financial management system and explain which company could better withstand a major recession and at the same time, compare their financial ratios and decide which two companies that would be better to invest in. Microsoft was started in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen who developed an interpreter for basics programming language systems that has contributed to Microsoft’s being so successful. Microsoft is one of the largest technology companies in the world which specializes in developing and licensing computer software products such as Windows 7, Microsoft office, MSN and Bing. Microsoft’s management team is led by chief executive officer Steve Ballmer who also serves on the executive board, chairman Bill Gates, seven directors, and one chief financial officer which are all non-executive board members. The company has been known for its leadership style through its founder Bill Gates for donating money to many charities and helping the poor. Microsoft is also said to be an innovator for the new-age workplace where work is made to be comfortable, fun and inspiring so that all employees can enjoy doing their work and like to spend their time there as well. Bill Gates did not even finish college but his work ethics are being taught in schools through the world. Microsoft has an excellent track record for innovation because it keep coming up with new technology and devices every year (Datamonitor, a, 2011). On the other hand, Microsoft is in competition with Google and other internet companies over the use of internet search engines. Google was founded in 1998 by two Stanford University graduate students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Google is an international technology firm that is concentrated on improving the way people get their information from the internet. Google has three core businesses search, advertisements, and applications. The search engine powered by Google provides information for millions of users every day. It must be determined that information reported to the Google search engine is beneficial to the user; a set of criteria has been developed to serve this purpose. A common method of determining the usefulness of the page for the user is searching the document for keywords. Keywords must be entered to search on Google, and the documents are scanned to determine how often they appear. The more keywords a document has tends to indicate its usefulness to the user. Another evaluating principle for reporting useful pages is the ranking for the page and quality of the site. Websites receive rankings which reflect quality, relevance, and accuracy. Websites who have high rankings and numerous keywords are reported to the user first. This method of obtaining information allows the user to access vital information in a matter of seconds. Search advertisements are used to further assist users, and to offer Google’s main products and services and provide valuable and relevant information for people who use the search engines for answers they seek. Google search engine is like Microsoft’s Bing search engine. Google also sells their product and services in more than 100 languages throughout the world. Google’s management team is led by a chairman Eric Schmidt, a chief executive Larry Page, a director of special projects Sergey Brin which are all executive board members. They also have six directors that are non-executive board members. The company is a leader in that they provide people with valuable information. At the same time, however, Google is a slow innovator in its search engine technology. For example, its search engine has not shown major innovation despite the quality of Google’s searching technology that is absolutely dominating. However, as search engine technology advanced in the past decade the technological gap between Google and Microsoft has decreased more and more as we see with Bing (Datamonitor, b, 2011). On the other hand, by using the financial ratio I believe that Microsoft would benefit more and be able to survive a major economic recession. Microsoft has five divisions within their organization such as Windows & Windows 7, Microsoft business, online services, server and tools, entertainment and devices. According to Datamonitor, a , â€Å"The company’s product under this division include Microsoft Office, Microsoft SharePoint; Microsoft Exchange Server; and Microsoft Dynamics ERP and CRM as well as Microsoft Office Web Apps, which are the online companions to Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote† (2011, p. ). This shows that Microsoft has many divisions and products that they can offer to consumers, businesses and investors. This also shows that Microsoft would be better suited to withstand a major recession due to the many products they have to offer unlike Google which only has search engines and advertising to depend on. Therefore as seen in the financia l ratio Google has not made any money nor did it lose any money. Microsoft on the other hand, has made money due to the many products it has to offer. Subsequently, the profitability ratio can tell us a lot about Microsoft and Google performance. The profitability ratio can tell us what each company’s revenue and losses were for the year. It can also tell us about both companies operating budget, debts, stocks, and investments. According to Microsoft’s annual report, â€Å"Windows Division revenue reflected relative performance in PC market segments. We estimated that sales of PC’s to businesses grew approximately 11% this year and sales of PC’s to consumers declined approximately 1%† (2011, p. 50). This demonstrates that by using the profitability ratio Microsoft was able to calculate their gains and losses for the year in the sale of PC’s. This also shows that by using the profitability ratio Microsoft was able to project their sales of PC’s to other businesses. Therefore if someone wanted to invest company like Microsoft they should use the profitability ratio to determine a company’s return on assets and equity to see if it is a good investment. As we can see PC’s sales to businesses grew 11% while consumers PC’s sales weakened by 1% so an investor should put their money in business PC’s. After seeing the profitability ratio of both companies Microsoft would be the company to invest in because they payout more money and make more money per share and to each stockholder. One can agree that Microsoft has done well over the years by them recognizing and using the knowledge base and technological base has been an asset for the company. Microsoft is one of the best companies when it comes to software and programming. Microsoft over the years has realized that their competitors can have an impact on market changes and with this knowledge it has allowed Microsoft to make the required decisions in the market place. The issues and concerns that Microsoft and other organizations face are technology changes and competition. Technology today has surpassed the technology of yesterday. Yet, Microsoft has shown that they can meet these challenges in various areas by meeting these issues and concerns head on. Microsoft oftentimes has restructured some of their well-known operating systems, programs and software to keep up with the changing times. Recently, they have launched Bing and Windows 7. According to Microsoft annual report: Online Services Division (OSD) develops and markets information and content designed to help people simplify tasks and make more informed decisions online, and that help advertisers connect with audiences. OSD offerings include Bing, MSN ad Center, and advertiser tools. Bing and MSN generate revenue through the sale of search and display advertising generally accounts for nearly all of OSD’s annual revenue. (2011, p. 54) This demonstrates that Microsoft would be a great company to invest in because they offer many different products that makes a lot of money. This also demonstrates that Microsoft has seen an increase in revenue due to the fact that they invested in Bing and MSN. Therefore one should also consider the return on current ratio and the dividend payout ratio before making a decision on investing in the company. On the other hand one should also look at the investment valuation before making an investment decision. Investors need to be aware that before they invest in a company such as Microsoft that the likelihood of the problems when it comes to investing occur with large corporations where there is a higher degree of the separation of ownership and management, and thus perhaps an occurrence of a conflict of the goals of the managers and the goals of the shareholders. Aside from doing research on the company itself, doing an evaluation of stock can also prove to be useful. Knowing if stock is overpriced can tip you off, in that you then need to find out why it is overpriced. For example, is the stock overpriced because investors sincerely believe that the stock is good and has potential, or is the stock price high because of current economic conditions. Knowing the answer to such questions will help individuals as investors make better and more informed decisions. According to Google’s annual report: Strategic, financial and execution isks and exposures associated with our business strategy, product innovation and sales road map policy matters, significant litigation and regulatory exposures, and other current matters that may present material risk to our financial performance, operations, infrastructure, plans, prospects or reputation, acquisition and divestitures. (2011, p. 16) This explains that investing in large corporations can be ris ky and, this also explains that you should look, at a company’s investment valuation before investing. The reason why this is so important is because people can lose their money and if they did their homework by using the investment valuation they would see where their money is going and if they are making a wise decision when they invest into a company. In conclusion, Google and Microsoft’s are the world’s most powerful technology organizations that have proven it is possible to excel in the corporate world. The software and programming that Microsoft’s sells is the same product that has proven to be a useful tool for the company. Allocating costs and investing in new technology and recognizing competition including recognizing revenues gain and loss has also proven to be an asset for Microsoft. Google and Microsoft recognize and realize the potential of technology in the ever changing world of business. Google and Microsoft have met the challenges and changes of today’s society. As for Microsoft achieving its goals, the belief is that it has surpassed those goals and is constantly revising technology and products to meet them and new ones in a timely manner. Therefore, making it a company that investors want to invest in. Microsoft, financial aspects has allowed me to decide that it is one of the best companies, to invest in today. While Google on the other hand, must find better innovative techniques so it can gain more capital so that investors want to invest in the company. At the same time Google must keep up with other competitors such as Microsoft so that the company does not be left behind in the future from other competitors stealing their clients. References Datamonitor: (2011 a). Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved from Business Source Complete. Datamonitor: (2011 b). Google Inc. Retrieved from Business Source Complete. Google Annual Report (2011). Retrieved from http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1htm Microsoft Annual Report (2011). Retrieved from www.microsoft.com/investor Appendix

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The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty

The Achaemenids were the ruling dynasty of Cyrus the Great and his family over the Persian empire, (550-330 BC). The first of the Persian Empire Achaemenids was Cyrus the Great (aka Cyrus II), who wrested control of the area from its Median ruler, Astyages. Its last ruler was Darius III, who lost the empire to Alexander the Great. By the time of Alexander, the Persian Empire had become the largest empire so far in history, stretching from the Indus River in the East to Libya and Egypt, from the Aral Sea to the northern coast of the Aegean Sea and the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. The Achaemenids Cyrus I (ruled at Anshan)Cambyses I, Cyrus son (ruled at Anshan) Achaemenid Empire Kings Cyrus II (the Great) [550-530 BC] (ruled from Pasargadae)Cambyses II [530-522 BC]Bardiya [522 BC] (possibly, a pretender)Darius I [522-486 BC] (ruled from Persepolis)Xerxes I (the Great) [486-465 BC]Artaxerxes I [465-424 BC]Xerxes II [424-423 BC]Darius II (Ochus) [423-404 BC]Artaxerxes II (Arsaces) [404-359 BC]Artaxerxes III (Ochus) [359-338 BC]Artaxerxes IV (Arses) [338-336 BC]Darius III [336-330 BC) The vast region conquered by Cyrus II and his descendants could not, obviously, be controlled from Cyrus administrative capital at Ecbatana or Darius center at Susa, and so each region had a regional governor/protector called a satrap (responsible to and representatives of the great king), rather than a sub-king, even if the satraps were often princes wielding kingly power. Cyrus and his son Cambyses started expanding the empire and the developing an effective administrative system, but Darius I the Great perfected it. Darius boasted of his accomplishments through multi-lingual inscriptions on a limestone cliffside at Mount Behistun, in western Iran. Architectural styles common throughout the Achaemenid empire included distinctive columned buildings called apadanas, extensive rock carvings and stone reliefs, climbing staircases and the earliest version of the Persian Garden, divided into four quadrants. Luxury items identified as Achaemenid in flavor were jewelry with polychrome inlay, animal-headed bracelets and carinated bowls of gold and silver. The Royal Road The Royal Road was a major intercontinental thoroughfare probably built by the Achaemenids to allow access to their conquered cities. The road ran from Susa to Sardis and thence to the Mediterranean coast at Ephesus. Intact sections of the road are cobble pavements atop a low embankment from 5-7 meters in width and, in places, faced with a curbing of dressed stone. Achaemenid Languages Because the Achaemenid empire was so extensive, many languages were required for the administration. Several inscriptions, such as the Behistun Inscription, were repeated in several languages. The image on this page is of a trilingual inscription on a pillar in Palace P of Pasargadae, to Cyrus II, probably added during the reign of Darius II. The primary languages used by the Achaemenids included Old Persian (what the rulers spoke), Elamite (that of the original peoples of central Iraq) and Akkadian (the ancient language of the Assyrians and Babylonians). Old Persian had its own script, developed by the Achaemenid rulers and based partly on cuneiform wedges, while Elamite and Akkadian were typically written in cuneiform. Egyptian inscriptions are also known to a lesser degree, and one translation of the Behistun inscription has been found in Aramaic. Updated by  N.S. Gill Sources Aminzadeh B, and Samani F. 2006. Identifying the boundaries of the historical site of Persepolis using remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 102(1-2):52-62. Curtis JE, and Tallis N. 2005. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press, Berkeley. Dutz WF and Matheson SA. 2001. Persepolis. Yassavoli Publications, Tehran. Encyclopedia Iranica Hanfmann GMA and Mierse WE. (eds) 1983. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times: Results of the Archaeological Exploration of Sardis 1958-1975. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sumner, WM. 1986 Achaemenid Settlement in the Persepolis Plain. American Journal of Archaeology 90(1):3-31.